The below information are for  use on a Linux GNU system:

Using rysnc command:

https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-use-rsync-for-local-and-remote-data-transfer-and-synchronization/

Copy entire drive using rysnc command:

https://superuser.com/questions/307541/copy-entire-file-system-hierarchy-from-one-drive-to-another